413vhcu1lq0463ob at 18:59, 4 November 2024

2024-11-04T18:59:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:59, 4 November 2024
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			== Source ==
			from https://vim.rtorr.com/

	== Global ==		== Global ==

413vhcu1lq0463ob: Created page with " == Global == * `:h[elp] keyword` - open help for keyword * `:sav[eas] file` - save file as * `:clo[se]` - close current pane * `:ter[minal]` - open a terminal window * `K` - open man page for word under the cursor '''Tip''' Run `vimtutor` in a terminal to learn the first Vim commands. == Cursor movement == * `h` - move cursor left * `j` - move cursor down * `k` - move cursor up * `l..."`

2024-11-04T18:13:42Z

Created page with " == Global == * <kbd>:h[elp] keyword</kbd> - open help for keyword * <kbd>:sav[eas] file</kbd> - save file as * <kbd>:clo[se]</kbd> - close current pane * <kbd>:ter[minal]</kbd> - open a terminal window * <kbd>K</kbd> - open man page for word under the cursor '''Tip''' Run <kbd>vimtutor</kbd> in a terminal to learn the first Vim commands. == Cursor movement == * <kbd>h</kbd> - move cursor left * <kbd>j</kbd> - move cursor down * <kbd>k</kbd> - move cursor up * <kbd>l..."

New page

== Global ==

* <kbd>:h[elp] keyword</kbd> - open help for keyword
* <kbd>:sav[eas] file</kbd> - save file as
* <kbd>:clo[se]</kbd> - close current pane
* <kbd>:ter[minal]</kbd> - open a terminal window
* <kbd>K</kbd> - open man page for word under the cursor

'''Tip''' Run <kbd>vimtutor</kbd> in a terminal to learn the first Vim commands.

== Cursor movement ==

* <kbd>h</kbd> - move cursor left
* <kbd>j</kbd> - move cursor down
* <kbd>k</kbd> - move cursor up
* <kbd>l</kbd> - move cursor right
* <kbd>gj</kbd> - move cursor down (multi-line text)
* <kbd>gk</kbd> - move cursor up (multi-line text)
* <kbd>H</kbd> - move to top of screen
* <kbd>M</kbd> - move to middle of screen
* <kbd>L</kbd> - move to bottom of screen
* <kbd>w</kbd> - jump forwards to the start of a word
* <kbd>W</kbd> - jump forwards to the start of a word (words can contain punctuation)
* <kbd>e</kbd> - jump forwards to the end of a word
* <kbd>E</kbd> - jump forwards to the end of a word (words can contain punctuation)
* <kbd>b</kbd> - jump backwards to the start of a word
* <kbd>B</kbd> - jump backwards to the start of a word (words can contain punctuation)
* <kbd>ge</kbd> - jump backwards to the end of a word
* <kbd>gE</kbd> - jump backwards to the end of a word (words can contain punctuation)
* <kbd>%</kbd> - move cursor to matching character (default supported pairs: '()', '{}', '[]' - use <code>:h matchpairs</code> in vim for more info)
* <kbd>0</kbd> - jump to the start of the line
* <kbd>^</kbd> - jump to the first non-blank character of the line
* <kbd>$</kbd> - jump to the end of the line
* <kbd>g_</kbd> - jump to the last non-blank character of the line
* <kbd>gg</kbd> - go to the first line of the document
* <kbd>G</kbd> - go to the last line of the document
* <kbd>5gg</kbd> or <kbd>5G</kbd> - go to line 5
* <kbd>gd</kbd> - move to local declaration
* <kbd>gD</kbd> - move to global declaration
* <kbd>fx</kbd> - jump to next occurrence of character x
* <kbd>tx</kbd> - jump to before next occurrence of character x
* <kbd>Fx</kbd> - jump to the previous occurrence of character x
* <kbd>Tx</kbd> - jump to after previous occurrence of character x
* <kbd>;</kbd> - repeat previous f, t, F or T movement
* <kbd>,</kbd> - repeat previous f, t, F or T movement, backwards
* <kbd>}</kbd> - jump to next paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)
* <kbd>{</kbd> - jump to previous paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)
* <kbd>zz</kbd> - center cursor on screen
* <kbd>zt</kbd> - position cursor on top of the screen
* <kbd>zb</kbd> - position cursor on bottom of the screen
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>e</kbd> - move screen down one line (without moving cursor)
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>y</kbd> - move screen up one line (without moving cursor)
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>b</kbd> - move screen up one page (cursor to last line)
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>f</kbd> - move screen down one page (cursor to first line)
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>d</kbd> - move cursor and screen down 1/2 page
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>u</kbd> - move cursor and screen up 1/2 page

'''Tip''' Prefix a cursor movement command with a number to repeat it. For example, <kbd>4j</kbd> moves down 4 lines.

== Insert mode - inserting/appending text ==

* <kbd>i</kbd> - insert before the cursor
* <kbd>I</kbd> - insert at the beginning of the line
* <kbd>a</kbd> - insert (append) after the cursor
* <kbd>A</kbd> - insert (append) at the end of the line
* <kbd>o</kbd> - append (open) a new line below the current line
* <kbd>O</kbd> - append (open) a new line above the current line
* <kbd>ea</kbd> - insert (append) at the end of the word
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>h</kbd> - delete the character before the cursor during insert mode
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>w</kbd> - delete word before the cursor during insert mode
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>j</kbd> - add a line break at the cursor position during insert mode
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>t</kbd> - indent (move right) line one shiftwidth during insert mode
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>d</kbd> - de-indent (move left) line one shiftwidth during insert mode
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>n</kbd> - insert (auto-complete) next match before the cursor during insert mode
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>p</kbd> - insert (auto-complete) previous match before the cursor during insert mode
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>rx</kbd> - insert the contents of register x
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>ox</kbd> - Temporarily enter normal mode to issue one normal-mode command x.
* <kbd>Esc</kbd> or <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>c</kbd> - exit insert mode

== Editing ==

* <kbd>r</kbd> - replace a single character.
* <kbd>R</kbd> - replace more than one character, until <kbd>ESC</kbd> is pressed.
* <kbd>J</kbd> - join line below to the current one with one space in between
* <kbd>gJ</kbd> - join line below to the current one without space in between
* <kbd>gwip</kbd> - reflow paragraph
* <kbd>g~</kbd> - switch case up to motion
* <kbd>gu</kbd> - change to lowercase up to motion
* <kbd>gU</kbd> - change to uppercase up to motion
* <kbd>cc</kbd> - change (replace) entire line
* <kbd>c$</kbd> or <kbd>C</kbd> - change (replace) to the end of the line
* <kbd>ciw</kbd> - change (replace) entire word
* <kbd>cw</kbd> or <kbd>ce</kbd> - change (replace) to the end of the word
* <kbd>s</kbd> - delete character and substitute text (same as cl)
* <kbd>S</kbd> - delete line and substitute text (same as cc)
* <kbd>xp</kbd> - transpose two letters (delete and paste)
* <kbd>u</kbd> - undo
* <kbd>U</kbd> - restore (undo) last changed line
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>r</kbd> - redo
* <kbd>.</kbd> - repeat last command

== Marking text (visual mode) ==

* <kbd>v</kbd> - start visual mode, mark lines, then do a command (like y-yank)
* <kbd>V</kbd> - start linewise visual mode
* <kbd>o</kbd> - move to other end of marked area
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>v</kbd> - start visual block mode
* <kbd>O</kbd> - move to other corner of block
* <kbd>aw</kbd> - mark a word
* <kbd>ab</kbd> - a block with ()
* <kbd>aB</kbd> - a block with {}
* <kbd>at</kbd> - a block with <> tags
* <kbd>ib</kbd> - inner block with ()
* <kbd>iB</kbd> - inner block with {}
* <kbd>it</kbd> - inner block with <> tags
* <kbd>Esc</kbd> or <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>c</kbd> - exit visual mode

'''Tip''' Instead of <kbd>b</kbd> or <kbd>B</kbd> one can also use <kbd>(</kbd> or <kbd>{</kbd> respectively.

== Visual commands ==

* <kbd>></kbd> - shift text right
* <kbd><</kbd> - shift text left
* <kbd>y</kbd> - yank (copy) marked text
* <kbd>d</kbd> - delete marked text
* <kbd>~</kbd> - switch case
* <kbd>u</kbd> - change marked text to lowercase
* <kbd>U</kbd> - change marked text to uppercase

== Registers ==

* <kbd>:reg[isters]</kbd> - show registers content
* <kbd>"xy</kbd> - yank into register x
* <kbd>"xp</kbd> - paste contents of register x
* <kbd>"+y</kbd> - yank into the system clipboard register
* <kbd>"+p</kbd> - paste from the system clipboard register

'''Tip''' Registers are being stored in ~/.viminfo, and will be loaded again on next restart of vim.

'''Tip''' Special registers:

<kbd>0</kbd> - last yank

<kbd>"</kbd> - unnamed register, last delete or yank

<kbd>%</kbd> - current file name

<kbd>#</kbd> - alternate file name

<kbd>*</kbd> - clipboard contents (X11 primary)

<kbd>+</kbd> - clipboard contents (X11 clipboard)

<kbd>/</kbd> - last search pattern

<kbd>:</kbd> - last command-line

<kbd>.</kbd> - last inserted text

<kbd>-</kbd> - last small (less than a line) delete

<kbd>=</kbd> - expression register

<kbd>_</kbd> - black hole register

== Marks and positions ==

* <kbd>:marks</kbd> - list of marks
* <kbd>ma</kbd> - set current position for mark A
* <kbd>`a</kbd> - jump to position of mark A
* <kbd>y`a</kbd> - yank text to position of mark A
* <kbd>`0</kbd> - go to the position where Vim was previously exited
* <kbd>`"</kbd> - go to the position when last editing this file
* <kbd>`.</kbd> - go to the position of the last change in this file
* <kbd>``</kbd> - go to the position before the last jump
* <kbd>:ju[mps]</kbd> - list of jumps
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>i</kbd> - go to newer position in jump list
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>o</kbd> - go to older position in jump list
* <kbd>:changes</kbd> - list of changes
* <kbd>g,</kbd> - go to newer position in change list
* <kbd>g;</kbd> - go to older position in change list
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>]</kbd> - jump to the tag under cursor

'''Tip''' To jump to a mark you can either use a backtick (<kbd>`</kbd>) or an apostrophe (<kbd>'</kbd>). Using an apostrophe jumps to the beginning (first non-blank) of the line holding the mark.

== Macros ==

* <kbd>qa</kbd> - record macro a
* <kbd>q</kbd> - stop recording macro
* <kbd>@a</kbd> - run macro a
* <kbd>@@</kbd> - rerun last run macro

== Cut and paste ==

* <kbd>yy</kbd> - yank (copy) a line
* <kbd>2yy</kbd> - yank (copy) 2 lines
* <kbd>yw</kbd> - yank (copy) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
* <kbd>yiw</kbd> - yank (copy) word under the cursor
* <kbd>yaw</kbd> - yank (copy) word under the cursor and the space after or before it
* <kbd>y$</kbd> or <kbd>Y</kbd> - yank (copy) to end of line
* <kbd>p</kbd> - put (paste) the clipboard after cursor
* <kbd>P</kbd> - put (paste) before cursor
* <kbd>gp</kbd> - put (paste) the clipboard after cursor and leave cursor after the new text
* <kbd>gP</kbd> - put (paste) before cursor and leave cursor after the new text
* <kbd>dd</kbd> - delete (cut) a line
* <kbd>2dd</kbd> - delete (cut) 2 lines
* <kbd>dw</kbd> - delete (cut) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
* <kbd>diw</kbd> - delete (cut) word under the cursor
* <kbd>daw</kbd> - delete (cut) word under the cursor and the space after or before it
* <kbd>:3,5d</kbd> - delete lines starting from 3 to 5

'''Tip''' You can also use the following characters to specify the range:

e.g.

<kbd>:.,$d</kbd> - From the current line to the end of the file

<kbd>:.,1d</kbd> - From the current line to the beginning of the file

<kbd>:10,1d</kbd> - From the 10th line to the beginning of the file

* <kbd>:g/{pattern}/d</kbd> - delete all lines containing pattern
* <kbd>:g!/{pattern}/d</kbd> - delete all lines not containing pattern
* <kbd>d$</kbd> or <kbd>D</kbd> - delete (cut) to the end of the line
* <kbd>x</kbd> - delete (cut) character

== Indent text ==

* <kbd>>></kbd> - indent (move right) line one shiftwidth
* <kbd><<</kbd> - de-indent (move left) line one shiftwidth
* <kbd>>%</kbd> - indent a block with () or {} (cursor on brace)
* <kbd><%</kbd> - de-indent a block with () or {} (cursor on brace)
* <kbd>>ib</kbd> - indent inner block with ()
* <kbd>>at</kbd> - indent a block with <> tags
* <kbd>3==</kbd> - re-indent 3 lines
* <kbd>=%</kbd> - re-indent a block with () or {} (cursor on brace)
* <kbd>=iB</kbd> - re-indent inner block with {}
* <kbd>gg=G</kbd> - re-indent entire buffer
* <kbd>]p</kbd> - paste and adjust indent to current line

== Exiting ==

* <kbd>:w</kbd> - write (save) the file, but don't exit
* <kbd>:w !sudo tee %</kbd> - write out the current file using sudo
* <kbd>:wq</kbd> or <kbd>:x</kbd> or <kbd>ZZ</kbd> - write (save) and quit
* <kbd>:q</kbd> - quit (fails if there are unsaved changes)
* <kbd>:q!</kbd> or <kbd>ZQ</kbd> - quit and throw away unsaved changes
* <kbd>:wqa</kbd> - write (save) and quit on all tabs

== Search and replace ==

* <kbd>/pattern</kbd> - search for pattern
* <kbd>?pattern</kbd> - search backward for pattern
* <kbd>\vpattern</kbd> - 'very magic' pattern: non-alphanumeric characters are interpreted as special regex symbols (no escaping needed)
* <kbd>n</kbd> - repeat search in same direction
* <kbd>N</kbd> - repeat search in opposite direction
* <kbd>:%s/old/new/g</kbd> - replace all old with new throughout file
* <kbd>:%s/old/new/gc</kbd> - replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations
* <kbd>:noh[lsearch]</kbd> - remove highlighting of search matches

== Search in multiple files ==

* <kbd>:vim[grep] /pattern/ {`{file}`}</kbd> - search for pattern in multiple files

e.g. <kbd>:vim[grep] /foo/ **/*</kbd>

* <kbd>:cn[ext]</kbd> - jump to the next match
* <kbd>:cp[revious]</kbd> - jump to the previous match
* <kbd>:cope[n]</kbd> - open a window containing the list of matches
* <kbd>:ccl[ose]</kbd> - close the quickfix window

== Tabs ==

* <kbd>:tabnew</kbd> or <kbd>:tabnew {page.words.file}</kbd> - open a file in a new tab
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>wT</kbd> - move the current split window into its own tab
* <kbd>gt</kbd> or <kbd>:tabn[ext]</kbd> - move to the next tab
* <kbd>gT</kbd> or <kbd>:tabp[revious]</kbd> - move to the previous tab
* <kbd>#gt</kbd> - move to tab number #
* <kbd>:tabm[ove] #</kbd> - move current tab to the #th position (indexed from 0)
* <kbd>:tabc[lose]</kbd> - close the current tab and all its windows
* <kbd>:tabo[nly]</kbd> - close all tabs except for the current one
* <kbd>:tabdo</kbd> command - run the <code>command</code> on all tabs (e.g. <code>:tabdo q</code> - closes all opened tabs)

== Working with multiple files ==

* <kbd>:e[dit] file</kbd> - edit a file in a new buffer
* <kbd>:bn[ext]</kbd> - go to the next buffer
* <kbd>:bp[revious]</kbd> - go to the previous buffer
* <kbd>:bd[elete]</kbd> - delete a buffer (close a file)
* <kbd>:b[uffer]#</kbd> - go to a buffer by index #
* <kbd>:b[uffer] file</kbd> - go to a buffer by file
* <kbd>:ls</kbd> or <kbd>:buffers</kbd> - list all open buffers
* <kbd>:sp[lit] file</kbd> - open a file in a new buffer and split window
* <kbd>:vs[plit] file</kbd> - open a file in a new buffer and vertically split window
* <kbd>:vert[ical] ba[ll]</kbd> - edit all buffers as vertical windows
* <kbd>:tab ba[ll]</kbd> - edit all buffers as tabs
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>ws</kbd> - split window
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>wv</kbd> - split window vertically
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>ww</kbd> - switch windows
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>wq</kbd> - quit a window
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>wx</kbd> - exchange current window with next one
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>w=</kbd> - make all windows equal height & width
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>wh</kbd> - move cursor to the left window (vertical split)
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>wl</kbd> - move cursor to the right window (vertical split)
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>wj</kbd> - move cursor to the window below (horizontal split)
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>wk</kbd> - move cursor to the window above (horizontal split)
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>wH</kbd> - make current window full height at far left (leftmost vertical window)
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>wL</kbd> - make current window full height at far right (rightmost vertical window)
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>wJ</kbd> - make current window full width at the very bottom (bottommost horizontal window)
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>wK</kbd> - make current window full width at the very top (topmost horizontal window)

== Diff ==

* <kbd>zf</kbd> - manually define a fold up to motion
* <kbd>zd</kbd> - delete fold under the cursor
* <kbd>za</kbd> - toggle fold under the cursor
* <kbd>zo</kbd> - open fold under the cursor
* <kbd>zc</kbd> - close fold under the cursor
* <kbd>zr</kbd> - reduce (open) all folds by one level
* <kbd>zm</kbd> - fold more (close) all folds by one level
* <kbd>zi</kbd> - toggle folding functionality
* <kbd>]c</kbd> - jump to start of next change
* <kbd>[c</kbd> - jump to start of previous change
* <kbd>do</kbd> or <kbd>:diffg[et]</kbd> - obtain (get) difference (from other buffer)
* <kbd>dp</kbd> or <kbd>:diffpu[t]</kbd> - put difference (to other buffer)
* <kbd>:diffthis</kbd> - make current window part of diff
* <kbd>:dif[fupdate]</kbd> - update differences
* <kbd>:diffo[ff]</kbd> - switch off diff mode for current window

'''Tip''' The commands for folding (e.g. <kbd>za</kbd>) operate on one level. To operate on all levels, use uppercase letters (e.g. <kbd>zA</kbd>).

'''Tip''' To view the differences of files, one can directly start Vim in diff mode by running <kbd>vimdiff</kbd> in a terminal. One can even set this as <kbd>git difftool</kbd>.

Vim Cheat Sheet - Revision history

413vhcu1lq0463ob at 18:59, 4 November 2024